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Is Bowel Rest a Prerequisite for Successful Outcome in Nonoperative Management of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Blunt Injury in Children?
S Al Jadaan, O Oda, S Crankson, M Al Namshaan, M Zamakhshary
Annals of Pediatric Surgery , 2010,
Abstract: Extrahepatic bile duct injury resulting from blunt abdominal trauma in children is not common. Nonoperative management has become the standard of care. During a two-year period from January 2005 to December 2006, we treated 1015 pediatric traumas. Of those, 103 were blunt abdominal trauma. Only two patients had injury to the extrahepatic bile ducts. Both cases were managed nonoperatively; however, the clinical presentation required a different approach. Facilitation of bile flow by means of sphincterotomy, or putting a transampullary stent, had the most significant impact on successful outcome. Bowel rest did not influence outcome. Therefore nonoperative management of blunt extrahepatic bile duct blunt injuries in children should be based on ensuring adequate bile flow. Bowel rest does not seem to be a prerequisite for successful outcome. Index Word: Blunt abdominal trauma; extrahepatic bile duct injury; nonoperative.
Indoor Air Particulates in Broiler Environment During Winter
Zakia A.M. Ahmed,Zahraa H.EL Ghamdi,Mashael M. Al-Namshaan
International Journal of Poultry Science , 2011,
Abstract: The impact of winter climate on indoor and outdoor air particulate concentrations (ID and ODPC), concentrations of TSP, sizes and nature in broiler houses were recorded weekly. In closed and Open houses (Chs and OHs) significant positive correlations were recorded between ID and OD climate. Significantly decreased ID Ta.oC and A.V m/sec and increased RH% in open vs closed. OD Ta.oC significantly decreased and RH% increased around OHs vs CHs. In CHs increased (OPC) vs (IPC) except at the 3rd and 4th week. The Indoor Organic Particulate (IOP) started small in sizes (1-2 m ID and < 5 m OD). The maximum Particulate Concentration (PC) and sizes were at 3rd week old age on floor litter. In OHs the IPC were permanently increased vs OPC except at the 1st week. Before chicks admission (IOP) were dominated. The Chemical Composition of Organic Particulate Ones (CCOP) showed higher SIO % vs Inorganic Particulate (IP). The indoor organic and inorganic particulates (IOP and IIP) were of big sizes and contained variable percents of non organic oxides of Si+4, AL+3 and Ca+2. IP was smaller than OP at early age but increased with age and contained variable percents of SI, Fe and Ca oxides. Conclusively the dominancy of IOP and OOP with large sizes before admission to 3rd week may induce health risk for birds and keepers. Improper controlled system in stocked poultry houses and the outdoor climate positively affected the indoor one especially in winter.
Predictive Prefetching for Parallel Hybrid Storage Systems  [PDF]
Maen M. Al Assaf
Int'l J. of Communications, Network and System Sciences (IJCNS) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ijcns.2015.85018
Abstract: In this paper, we present a predictive prefetching mechanism that is based on probability graph approach to perform prefetching between different levels in a parallel hybrid storage system. The fundamental concept of our approach is to invoke parallel hybrid storage system’s parallelism and prefetch data among multiple storage levels (e.g. solid state disks, and hard disk drives) in parallel with the application’s on-demand I/O reading requests. In this study, we show that a predictive prefetching across multiple storage levels is an efficient technique for placing near future needed data blocks in the uppermost levels near the application. Our PPHSS approach extends previous ideas of predictive prefetching in two ways: (1) our approach reduces applications’ execution elapsed time by keeping data blocks that are predicted to be accessed in the near future cached in the uppermost level; (2) we propose a parallel data fetching scheme in which multiple fetching mechanisms (i.e. predictive prefetching and application’s on-demand data requests) can work in parallel; where the first one fetches data blocks among the different levels of the hybrid storage systems (i.e. low-level (slow) to high-level (fast) storage devices) and the other one fetches the data from the storage system to the application. Our PPHSS strategy integrated with the predictive prefetching mechanism significantly reduces overall I/O access time in a hybrid storage system. Finally, we developed a simulator to evaluate the performance of the proposed predictive prefetching scheme in the context of hybrid storage systems. Our results show that our PPHSS can improve system performance by 4% across real-world I/O traces without the need of using large size caches.
Factors Affecting Training Efficacy in Residency Program Adopted by New Graduate Nurses in Saudi Arabia  [PDF]
Sarah M. Al Qannass, Reem Al Ahmari
Open Journal of Nursing (OJN) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2021.1112083
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the studies is to analyze and identify the level of competency, which includes knowledge and skills between SCDP nurses (Residence Program) and newly graduate nurses (Non-residence) in Saudi Arabia. Methods:？A survey uses an open-ended question conducted among the participant. The data is collected by using tape recording during the interview session. Newly graduate nurses and SCDP nurses were included in this study. (5) Resident nurses vs. (5) non-resident were included in this study making 10 sample size of qualitative study. Results:？Findings of the study show significant differences between nonresident and resident in their journey of orientation, competency development and their learning opportunities. Residents are more likely feel less distress and more satisfied about their experience entering the residence program. Conclusion:？Nursing Residency program helps in supporting nurses to build a future leader. Hence, it helps in their critical thinking, skills and knowledge, which elevate their confidence level.
Irradiation Effect on Photodegradation of Pure and Plasticized Poly (4-Methylstyrene) in Solid Films  [PDF]
Saria A. Al Safi, Thanaa M. Al Mouamin, Wadhah N. Al Sieadi, Khalid E. Al Ani
Materials Sciences and Applications (MSA) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/msa.2014.55036
Abstract:

The photodegradation of irradiated thin films of poly (para-methylstyrene) with 265 nm radiations in the presence of airand as a function of irradiation time has been studied using UV-VIS, fluorescence and FT-IR Spectroscopic techniques. The influence of phthalate and terephthalate plasticizers on stability of poly (para-methylstyrene) towards irradiations was also investigated. Blending with phthalate plasticizers was found to cause a higher efficiency of photodegradation than that obtained in doping with terephthalate plasticizers. The intensity of absorption was also found to increase with time of irradiation and in change in the shape of the spectra at longer wavelength, thus indicating a possibility of photodegradation of polymer chains. The analysis of the FT-IR spectra of the irradiated and non-irradiated samples, shows a predominant absorption associated with carbonyl compounds with 1740 cm-1. In addition, the observed increase in the intensities of the carbonyl and hydroxyl regions of the FT-IR spectra, have provided an evidence for the photodegradation as well as photo-oxidation of polymeric chains. The presence of the plasticizer in the polymer backbone was found to accelerate the photodegradation of polymeric chains.

Self-Similar Solution of Heat and Mass Transfer of Unsteady Mixed Convection Flow on a Rotating Cone Embedded in a Porous Medium Saturated with a Rotating Fluid  [PDF]
Saleh M. Al-Harbi
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/am.2011.210166
Abstract: A self-similar solution of unsteady mixed convection flow on a rotating cone embedded in a porous medium saturated with a rotating fluid in the presence of the first and second orders resistances has been obtained. It has been shown that a self-similar solution is possible when the free stream angular velocity and the angular velocity of the cone vary inversely as a linear function of time. The system of ordinary differential equations governing the flow has been solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme in combination with the quasi-linearization technique. Both prescribe wall temperature and prescribed heat flux conditions are considered. Numerical results are reported for the skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number and Sherwood number. The effect of various parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are also presented here.
Maintenance Capacity Planning: Determination of Maintenance Workforce  [PDF]
Adel M. Al-Shayea
Engineering (ENG) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/eng.2012.41006
Abstract: Determining the size of maintenance workforce is an essential element of maintenance planning. It is important for performing maintenance programs perfectly. However, it is a complex and challenging problem since it involves the consideration of several important factors. The mathematical model developed in this paper aims at finding out the optimal size of the maintenance workforce taking into account all of the important factors that affect this size. It is based on determining the needed number of workers with different skill levels and from different sources to meet maintenance workload of different grades that is to be performed in a specified planning horizon with minimum cost acquired.
Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience  [PDF]
Ali M. Al-Amri
Journal of Cancer Therapy (JCT) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jct.2012.33027
Abstract: Objectives: To review the pattern of thyroid tumor, demographic data of the patients, sensitivity, and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology; Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy at King Fahad Hospital of the University between 1982 and 2008. Data were analyzed for demographic characteristics, type of thyroid tumors, Fine Needle Aspirations Cytology (FNAC) yields and surgical complications; Results: A total of 143 patients with thyroid tumors underwent throidectomy. Their median age was 37.5 years. Females were predominantly affected (81%) with female to male ratio of (4:29). Thyroid carcinoma accounted for (75%) while benign tumors for (25%). The most common thyroid epithelial cancer was papillary type (74%) and was limited to thyroid tissues in almost two third of cases. Non-epithelial cancer in the form of thyroid lymphoma accounted for (4.89%) of the cases. FNAC sensitivity was 56% and specificity 92%. Surgical complications occurred in 18% of the patients; Conclusions: The commonest malignant thyroid cancer was papillary carcinoma. Thyroid cancer was more common in females. FNAC is highly accurate to confirm thyroid cancer but less sensitive in this study. Surgical complications were relatively minimal.
EER Improvement for Room Air-Conditioners in Saudi Arabia  [PDF]
Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan
Energy and Power Engineering (EPE) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/epe.2012.46058
Abstract: This paper demonstrates the possibility of achieving a higher Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) for Room Air Conditioners (RACs) that complies with the Saudi energy efficiency standards and satisfies the energy conservation requirements for the Saudi Building Code (SBC). This study considers several design options for improving the performance and efficiency of the RAC in comparison with a baseline RAC unit manufactured by Al-Zamil Company of Saudi Arabia. These design options include the number of condenser and evaporator rows, fins density, frontal area, compressor types, and refrigerant types. The experimental data obtained is through testing the units in Calorimeter according to standard ASHRAE-16. Also, the uncertainty in measurements and its propagation are included in this study. This paper reports the results of a set of measurements carried out on a modified RAC and compares them with the tested baseline RAC unit at similar load conditions. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of increasing the number of condenser rows in comparison with other design options considered for achieving higher EER for RACs.
Identity and Mobility in a Digital World  [PDF]
Ali M. Al-Khouri
Technology and Investment (TI) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ti.2013.41002
Abstract:

Mobile identity management has attracted the attention of both the public and private sectors in the last few years. In the context of service delivery, modern mobile communication networks offer more convenient approaches to developing citizen-centric applications. However, taking into consideration the need for compelling user authentication and identification, secure communication in mobile environments remains a challenging matter. This article explores the potential role of government-issued smart identity cards in leveraging and enabling a more trusted mobile communication base. It delves into the identity management infrastructure program in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and how the smart identity card and overall system architecture have been designed to enable trusted and secure transactions for both physical and virtual mobile communications.

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